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You've heard it in commercials, seen information technology plastered across billboards, and mayhap even read about information technology in your cellphone plan. But what is 4G LTE, and how do its speeds and coverage compare to other 3G and 4G networks?

A History of 3G and 4G

To understand what LTE is–beyond "a really fast network"–nosotros have to have a footstep back in time. Yous probably remember when the 3G, or 3rd generation, standard was a large deal in the 2000s–it made accessing the internet on your phone significantly faster and more than user-friendly.

3G is required to meet IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication-2000) technical standards, which ways a tiptop download rate of 200 Kbps, or 0.2 Mbps. This may seem boring to you now, but at the fourth dimension, it was enough to become your electronic mail in a timely mode.

Logically, the side by side step after 3G–the tertiary generation of wireless mobile communications engineering–would exist 4G, or the quaternary generation. The the ITU Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R) set some requirements as to what would constitute a 4G network: information technology must provide meridian 100 Mbps downloads if you're using a mobile device such as a phone or tablet. More stationary devices, such as mobile hotspots, should provide peaks speeds of 1 Gbps.

In more contempo years, 3G has made some advancements. High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), for example, tin offer theoretical speeds up to 7.2 Mbps, and is often called three.5G or Turbo 3G.

Then came 4G, in the form of Evolved High Speed Package Access (HSPA+) and Long-Term Development (LTE). Both were marketed this as "4G", even though they didn't meet the ITU's standards–neither reached that 100 Mbps download charge per unit.

LTE, yet, wasn't only another improvement of 3G. It was meant to exist more of an umbrella term given to the technologies designed to get us to the 4G standard. In other words, it's what 4G will be be when the engineering science evolves plenty to provide those speeds. It's 4G-Eventually.

As a way of compromising, the ITU-R decided that mobile carriers could market LTE (and HSPA) as 4G, since they represented a significant improvement over 3G and paved the mode for true 4G speeds.

How LTE Stacks Up in Speed and Coverage

Okay, we're done with the history lesson. Let'south tackle the question that truly matters: What kind of speeds does LTE really offering correct now? Frankly, it depends on where you are and who you are using for your wireless service.

Co-ordinate to a report by Open Signal, the boilerplate LTE download speed in the US is 9.9 Mbps while the global average is thirteen.v Mbps. That'due south far off the ideal 100 Mbps 4G standard, merely a marked improvement over old 3G speeds. In a race betwixt the big four U.s. wireless carriers, even the highest boilerplate speed (Verizon) was simply over 12 Mbps.

Recall, that'south an average. Your speed may be faster, or it could be slower. Every bit you can see to the correct, I used Speedtest app on my iPhone 6S (which is bachelor for Android as well) on T-Mobile in Florida, and mine were much higher (albeit all the same style beneath 100 Mbps).

But it's not just about speed: coverage matters too. After all, if you never come across that "LTE" icon in the bill of fare bar of your phone, you won't ever get those highly-advertised speeds.

Coverage depends on your carrier. Each of the four major US carriers–AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, and T-Mobile–utilise unlike frequency bands, which is how they separate their signals from one another. A frequency band is a grouping of radio frequencies mobile carriers thus use to communicate with clients, i.due east. your smartphone, and vice-versa.

LTE, in its current specification, allows carriers to deploy it on different frequency bandwidth blocks. In essence, a bandwidth block is how much infinite a carrier allocates to a network. Currently, both Verizon and T-Mobile have dedicated the widest channels for their LTE from 10MHz to 15MHz, all the way up to 20MHz.

Network coverage at lower frequencies, specially the 700Mhz range, volition provide LTE admission in more locations such as buildings and sheltered areas. In fact, in terms of coverage–measured by how much time subscribers are able to get an LTE signal, the top 3 carriers accept almost reached parity.

According to the oft-cited OpenSignal report, Verizon comes out on elevation, with near 87% coverage, followed by AT&T 82.6%, and T-Mobile at 81.2%. Sprint comes in a distant fourth at 70%. Think, these prove the proportion of time subscribers become an LTE indicate, not a geographic percentage of country–but that's withal quite good.

The Time to come: LTE Advanced and 5G

That's the present. So what about the future?

Mobile speeds will no dubiety continue to accelerate and gain speed. LTE Avant-garde is the new standard companies are hyping, which promises to finally deliver "True 4G" speeds. Then basically, LTE Advanced is what 4G was supposed to exist all along.

5G, meanwhile, volition exist the next logical step up from 4G. As you might judge, 5G stands for fifth generation, and is supposed to promise speeds up to 10 gigabits per seconds–enough to download a total HD movie in mere seconds.

Different LTE, which occupies lower frequency bands, 5G can occupy both lower frequency bands and ultra-loftier bands. Using these higher bands ways 5G won't travel as far as 4G LTE and will need to be boosted to make information technology practical to a wide audience. None of this matters much at this point however, as the technical standards are however being worked out and won't be finalized until 2020.

For correct at present, 4G LTE is proficient enough for the vast majority of mobile users, and volition be for some time. Logically, if or when Truthful 4G or LTE Advanced becomes the norm, it volition suffice for a fourth dimension while mobile providers roll out 5G and and then on.